Sunday, March 23, 2008

Top Ten Favorites

There are many lists of top ten favorites. Musicians and song writers have their top ten. Radio stations play their top ten count downs. Comedians have top ten jokes. Show Biz has top ten models. etc. As a Muslim reflecting on the Quran, I could not ignore the list of top ten mentioned therein. The top ten qualities of those who will receive forgiveness and a great reward are mentioned in Surah al-Ahzab, ayah 35 (see last post for the translation). The past khutba was about these ten attributes and how we fare as "Muslims" in LIVING these attributes of people of forgiveness and jannah.

Top Ten Characteristics (khutba audio file):

  • Muslim
  • Mumin (believer)
  • Qanit (devout)
  • Sadiq (truthful)
  • Sabir (patient)
  • Khashi' (humble)
  • Munfiq (giver)
  • Saim (faster)
  • Hafiz (guards chastity)
  • Zakir (remembers God much)

Are you included in the TOP TEN?


Friday, March 21, 2008

khutba - Qualities of Men and Women

Jumua' Mubarak!
Khutba on One aya:


"Surely (Muslim) the men who submit and the women who submit, and (Mu'min) the believing men and the believing women, and (Qanit) the obeying men and the obeying women, and (Sadiq) the truthful men and the truthful women, and (Sabir) the patient men and the patient women and (Khasi') the humble men and the humble women, and (Munfiq) the almsgiving men and the almsgiving women, and (Sa'im) the fasting men and the fasting women, and (Hafiz) the men who guard their private parts and the women who guard, and (Zakir) the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember-- Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a mighty reward."
(Quran 33:35)

Wednesday, March 19, 2008

Environmental Ethics 3


continued from the last post...

Islam is a comprehensive way of life. It offers human beings not only a connection to their environment but also to their creator. The human behavior is controlled through hisab, accountability for one's action before God. "O children of Adam… eat and drink and be not extravagant; surely He does not love the extravagant" (Quran 7:31). The addressee in this verse is humanity – children of Adam, and they are reminded about proper adab or ethics. In another verse, God compares the wasters as "brothers of Satan" with a warning that Satan is ever ungrateful to his Lord.

"Indeed, the squanderers are brothers of the devils, and the devil is ever an

ingrate to his Lord." (Qur'an 17: 26-27). Islamic paradigm of environmental ethics is based on a purpose driven life and ethics of gratitude, not greed.

Islam is for all places, people, and times, thus the concept of israf – waste prohibits resource depletion/pollution in the modern world. God is speaking not only to humanity 1400 years ago at the time of revelation but He is also addressing people today. It is a safe assumption based on the fact that what God declared to be permissible or impermissible 1400 years ago is still valid today. Hence, the concept of israf is to be reconsidered such as when studies point to world fisheries being depleted and many species either extinct or are on the verge of extinction. Any waste material due to human mismanagement falls in direct conflict with the divine command – wa la tusrifu (do not waste). It is in keeping with the spirit of sharia' to utilize scientific studies to further the divine command of preserving the environment.

Lastly, the modern philosophies of consumerism and materialism are based on greed not gratitude and are in direct conflict with the teachings of Islam. The environmental ethics in Islam is based on serving humanity and preserving the resources whether animate or inanimate. Once we achieve this balanced approach and "tread on the earth lightly", then and only then can we could proclaim to achieve the honor of being the vicegerent of God on earth. In conclusion, preserving the environment is a communal obligation based on the Islamic paradigm of living a well-balanced life.

Environmental Ethics 2

continued from last post...

The approach to environmental ethics offered by sharia' is fundamentally different from current secular environmental ethics. Sharia' defines the role of individuals and society and links them to a purpose driven life of servitude to God and humanity. In contradiction, the secular environmental ethics is based on either the anthropocentric view (human first) or the biocentric (humans are part of living organisms and do not afford a distinction above others) view with shades of gray in between. Neither of these two views is in accordance with the spirit of Islamic teachings. Islam forumulates a God-centric approach (tauhid) to any issue and environmental ethics in Islam is an extension of this understanding of the divine guidance. In essence, the nature or environment is a creation of God and any deviation from natural way (fitra) is a divergence from the way of God. Quran clearly states:

"Do not transgress the balance" 55:8.


"There is to be no change in the creation of God" 30:30.

This natural way or fitra is a Qur'anic concept that takes into an account the harmony in creation and the balance that exists between living and nonliving creatures. In terms of preference of habitats and ecosystems, the philosophy of sharia' dictates that everything belongs to God and there is no dichotomy between living organisms and humans, whether considering biocentric or anthropocentric view in ethics. However, God made human responsible to care for the creatures of God. This is important to understand when considering the arguments for intrinsic or instrumental value of living or nonliving entities in environmental ethics.

In a nutshell, the ecological balance should be maintained because God made humans responsible as a khalifa – vicegerent. The word vicegerent does not reflect ownership for humans but rather a role of a manager or a guardian. The Quran declares: "It is God who has created for you all that is on earth….And remember when your Lord said to the angels: 'Verily, I am going to place a viceroy (mankind) on earth" (Qur'an 2: 29-30). Thus as managers, humans are gardeners whose job is to root out weed, pests, and any harmful effects to plant a beneficial and beautiful paradise on this earth.


Environmental Ethics 1

Thinking Anew:

Environmental Ethics and Islamic Paradigm

Faraz Khan *currently works in the environmental field as a Senior Geologist and a wetland expert.

printed in TSM Media Article on March 15th.

"Truly, We have honoured the children of Adam, and We have carried them on the land and the sea, and have made provision of good things for them, and have preferred them above many of those whom We created with a marked preferment." (Qur'an 17:70)

Environmental ethics is a developing field. Unlike the polarity that exists between man and nature in the West, Muslims have always been conscience of their environment that it is a sign (ayat) that points to God. It is a sacred duty to protect and preserve the nature. There exists no concept of "conquering wilderness" in the Islamic sources. Historically, ethical conduct towards nature has been an essential component of a Muslim's identity as a vicegerent (khalifa) on the earth. With the coming of Industrialization and development of mass production and consumerism, waste culture has become the dominant modern paradigm for Muslims and non-Muslims. For this reason, the modern environmental crisis demands a new ethics – principles that discard the waste culture. For Muslims this new environmental ethic is based on the principles of the Qur'an and the sunna, as well as the empirical data available to us through the development in physical sciences.

"Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and

day, there are indeed signs for people of understanding"(Qur'an 4: 190).

"People of understanding" are described in the Quran as individuals possessing a deep connection to God through zikr (remembrance) and fikr (intellect). These are men and women who have a grasp of mundane and profane. It is clear that environmental crisis requires more than a scientific quick fix. In reality it is not an "environmental problem", but rather a human problem. Furthermore, it is only a modern human problem because there is no connection to the sacred ethics. Consequently, no scientific gadget will solve the current environmental crisis unless the society unlearns the materialism that has become part of the global culture.

Unfortunately many are misled to believe that fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) consumption and their byproducts are at the core root of all environmental mayhem. Therefore, a shift from fossil fuels to a cleaner burning energy resource such as fusion, hydrogen, solar energy will be the solution. Nevertheless, past trends expound our current environmental crisis as a complex set of interlinked immoral behavior. A shift from equilibrium has resulted in global catastrophes such as acid rain, air pollution, global warming, hazardous waste, ozone depletion, smog, water pollution, rain forest destruction, desertification, ecosystem destruction and extinction. It is not a matter of lack of technology but rather a lack of sound philosophy and guiding principles that has led humanity to the brink of destruction. In the language of the Quran these modern crisis can be explained as: "Mischief (fasad) has appeared on land and sea because of (the deed) that the hands of men have earned. That (God)) may give them a taste of (the consequences of) some of their deeds: in order that they may turn back (from Evil)." (Qur'an 30:41)

Islam prohibits waste, destruction, and pollution and guides human behavior to respect their environment ('alam). Muslims recognize that the 'alam belongs to God and thus there is no questioning the sacrosanctity of this world and/or trashing the environment. Hence, it is an obligation to delineate this path of environmental ethics based on the Islamic paradigm or the principles of sharia' (Islamic law).


Monday, March 17, 2008

Pew Survey: American Muslims "Mainstream but Devout"


American Muslims "Mainstream but Devout"
Faraz Khan
Photo: Imam Hamad Chebli at ISCJ
American Muslims on university campuses are a conglomerate of different ethnicities and cultures. They represent different lands of origin such as Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Europe. Most Muslim students come from stable families with an emphasis on religious values and a good education.
Muslim organizations and clubs on campus give importance to having a good relationship with God and one's neighbors. Therefore, programs organized by student organizations such as Fast-a-thon, to fast a day to provide food for others, food drives, walk-a-thons, blood drives and peace rallies are all part of a conscience effort to integrate with mainstream culture on core human values. The devotion to serve one's community comes from Islamic religious teachings that accentuate desiring good for other. For example, "One cannot be a believer in God unless he loves for his brother what he loves for himself" is an often quoted saying of Prophet Muhammad. (peace be upon him).

Muslim students are very active and visible on campus. One will often come across common everyday folks who love to chat about football, basketball, popular TV shows, facebook, fashion, along with praying in a silent corner, wearing modest attire and a talking often invoking the name of God. Many students find religion during their college years and student organizations play a pivotal role in educating people about Islam. Muslim students participate in many programs and educational seminars with members of other faiths and organizations to learn and educate others about civic obligations and community service. Not surprisingly, Muslim Americans' interactions and positive energy has led to a recent Pew Forum survey description of "mainstream but devout".

Wednesday, March 12, 2008

Prophet Muhammad Lecture


Just got the word on this one...

Clarity on Charity

Recently, a number of different Islamic charity organizations put together a few events in NY/NJ area. It is great to have so many international and national charity organizations working to promote care for others. One of the brothers reminded me about the scope of charity work and his experience with a recent barrage of automated phone messages, text messages, emails, and fliers by these same organizations.

The simple question he asked was, "where do you draw the line with charity? Do I have to give to everyone? Should I turn people down and feel ashamed? Should I remind them about ethics that people are intruding my life with automated messages as if I have $ bills on my head?"
Where do you draw the line? It is a big question. But I do agree that aside from meeting the organizational quota for charity, there is no long term planning involved with Muslim community's resources. Some may feel that an absence of community service/social services in the U.S. amongst affluent Muslims and obligation to give zakat has led to many international relief agencies who have minimum interest in long term social work within the US cities and slums. It is a simple program. Fund raise and ship overseas. There is absolutely nothing haram about it.
Except that there is no long term commitment to where you live and what you do with the money.
On a similar note, whatever happened to the concept of Waqf (endowment)? I mean this is truly a revenue generating model that will multiply the donations over and over again. It is true that the entire financial structure of higher education institutions in the West stands on the Waqf model.
Could a similar waqf model can be put together for community education and social services? Perhaps that would be a good model for long-term planning.

Sunday, March 9, 2008

TSM Media article

Thinking Anew: Where is the Muazin?

published in Tri-State-Muslim Media

Last year working as a Muslim chaplain at Rutgers University, I came across Muslim students with many concerns and questions. As an "Imam" on campus, I used to write these questions in my journal to see some sort of a pattern of recurring problems. My intention was to collect these questions, formulate a list of FAQs for the students and send it over to different community leaders and imams so they can have a better grasp of "problems with our youth". I do not plan to write about these specific questions here in this article however, I may suggest an answer to the recurring issues on college campuses and mosques.

In order to provide a solution to any problem, one must understand the problem at hand first. A person must study different cases and analyze the situation to formulate a solution. For example, a doctor looks for signs and symptoms on his patient. Thereafter, he issues his diagnosis. But that's not the end of his work. Nobody will pay the doctor for a diagnosis without any treatment work. The doctor has to do more than simply to issue a fatwa (opinion) about the nature of the disease. Rather, he has to prescribe medicine, special diet, therapy, run test reports, and frequent checkups to make sure that the disease is healed properly. In addition, the doctor may offer advice and recommendations so in the future the patient doesn't suffer from the same disease again.

In a similar way, Muslim community needs to provide good soul management not disease management for the future of Islam. Nobody likes to see the sign "Welcome back to the Hospital" no matter how welcoming it is. To be honest, How can we put the bumper sticker "Islam is the Solution" and find ourselves enveloped in problems? How can we heal humanity while we bleed especially while our youth suffer daily crying "losing my religion"?

Where is the specialist when we talk about youth issues? Where is that doctor?
Muslim student and youth issues are a serious dilemma that we face as a community. We need to have a deeper sense of urgency about the plight of our youth.

From my days in Karachi's Jam-e-Masjid Bab-e-Rahmat, I remember the Imam, old person who didn't mingle with people much but the muazin (the one who makes the call for prayer) was a young guy who the youth loved. He would sometimes play cricket with them in the evenings. Some even suggested that it is makruh (disliked) to play cricket meaning it is a total waste of time. Yet, when he would return at sunset to call the azan, he would return with scores of youth with him. They would listen to the muazin because he acted as if he was one of their fellow cricket players. Come to think of it, the muazin had more success than any Imams, scholars, parents, or chachas on the street in bringing youth back to the mosque. The youth related to the young man very well. He was knowledgeable and very supportive of the youth.

Similarly, we have an urgent need for young homegrown "muazins" on college campuses and mosques. If the Muslim community is going to do long term planning, we will need youth coordinators, chaplains, young imams who understand the pop culture and concerns of the Muslim youth. Young people like Chaplain Khalid Latif who is working with students to build a multi-million dollar Islamic Center in the heart of the city at New York University.

Here I would like to add that I am not talking about starting another youth halaqa or basketball tournament at the local mosque or a summer program. Rather, long term planning dictates that the Muslim leadership gives a priority to institutionalization of youth coordinator position. For this reason, every community needs a 'muazin', a permanent youth coordinator hired and paid by the mosque to relate with youth and bring them back to the straight path. Many colleges and universities in the U.S. have Muslim chaplains who have filled in this role of 'muazin'. Can our mosques and Islamic centers do the same?

Saturday, March 8, 2008

Karbala - shahada of Imam Husain

  • Shimr comes out of Ibn Ziyad's army calling his nephews names who were with Imam Husain and saying that they have been given 'aman' protection by Ibn Ziyad. They said that protection of Allah is better than protection of Ibn Ziyad.
  • Imam Husain brought out bags of letters in front of the two armies and started calling the names of Kufan elites who had written letters to support him against Yazid's army. He took letters out as a proof that those who were ready to kill him today had sent him letters to come and protect him from the mischievous acts of Yazid. Thus, Imam Husain exposed the hypocrisy of his enemies.
  • Seeing their letters, the Kufan army generals could no longer wait and started the battle.
  • Meanwhile Hur ibn Yazid, one of the generals from Kufan army came rushing towards Imam Husain and dropped himself at his feet. Hur asked Imam Husain to forgive him and ask Allah for his forgiveness.
  • The battle started with 72 men on the side of Imam Husain while the women and toddlers watched the battle from inside of the tents as army of thousands pressed towards them.
  • One by one Imam Husain's companions and relatives dropped on the battlefield. They all were martyred fighting. None showed cowardice, disloyalty, hesitancy, apologies, or weakness.
  • Imam Husain was the last man standing on the battlefield encircled by the enemy. None had the audacity to fight against him. Everyone evaded him to avoid his spilling his blood. Imam Husain's horse was killed first. In the final moments, Shimr came out and attacked Imam Husain. He was speared by Cinan and met his Lord as a shahid. After killing Imam Husain, his blessed head was cut off to be sent to Yazid. Meanwhile his body was trampled by the cavalry.
  • The Event of Karbala happened on 10th of Muharram 680AD.

Friday, March 7, 2008

Karbala, final speech

Imam Husain's Last Speech
as reported by Akbar Najeebabadi (sunni tradition) in History of Islam Vol. 2.

"O people, let it be known to you who know me and also to those of you who do not know me that I am the grandson of the Prophet (s) and the son of Ali bin Abi Talib. Fatima bin Muhammad (s) was my mother and Jafar bin Abi Talib was my uncle. Besides this genealogical pride, I have also another pride to my credit: that the Prophet (s) called me the chief of the Youth of paradise. If you do not believe me, you may have it confirmed by a number of the Prophet's companions who are still living. I never broke a promise, I never missed a Salat, I neither killed a Muslim nor did harm to anyone.

If Jesus's donkey was still alive, the whole of Christendom would be busy feeding and taking care of it until the Day of Judgment. What sort of Muslims and followers are you who want to kill the grandson of your Prophet(s)?...

Karbala

Ibn Ziyad, the governor of Kufa installed Amr' bin Sa'd and Hur bin Yazid to block and intercept Imam Husain's caravan.
  • Imam Husain's caravan was checked by Ibn Ziyad's soldier outside Kufa at Karbala.
  • Amr bin Sa'd and Ibn Ziyad demanded pledge (bay'ah) from Imam Husain for Yazid. Imam Husain refused to obey the order. The negotiation were prolonged for a week. When Imam Husain led the prayers Ibn Ziyad's soldiers started to pray behind him.
  • Ibn Ziyad asked Amr' to fight against the army of Imam Husain and bring his head to him so he could show his support to Yazid's caliphate.
  • Imam Husain and the family of the Prophet (s) were cut off from the water supply.
  • The next day (10th of Muharram) soldiers prepared for a fight. Imam Husain gave his final speech.

Wednesday, March 5, 2008

Karbala II

Abdullah ibn 'Umar and Abdullah ibn 'Abbas try to stop Imam Husain from leaving Makkah for Kufah due to danger to his life from Yazid's army.
  • Imam Husain refuses to listen to any calls to halt his journey to Kufah and to fight against the oppression of Yazid.
  • Farzdaq, the famous Arab poet meets Imam Husain and told him about Kufans "their hearts are with you but their swords cannot be flags in your support".
  • Abdullah bin Jaffar (cousin) sent his two sons Aun and Muhammad to desist Imam Husain from going to Kufa and come to Medina where he will be safe from Yazid's forces. Imam Husain refused to go to Medina and continues his journey to Kufa.
  • Things start to go bad in Kufa. Qais, the messenger of Imam Husain was intercepted and killed by Yazid's army led by Governor Obeidullah ibn Ziyad.
  • Imam Husain's messenger Muslim Bin 'Aqil was also arrested by the Governor Obeidullah ibn Ziyad and killed along with other leaders supporting Imam Husain in Kufa.

Karbala - How did it happen.

After Amir Mu'awiya (r) death, Yazid ascends the throne in Damascus and forces bay'ah (pledge) on people.
  • Imam Husain and Abdullah ibn Zubair leave Medina for Makkah to avoid Yazid's governor.
  • Imam Husain starts to receive many letters of support from Kufa (Iraq). Kufans said they will support Imam Husain for caliphate over Yazid.
  • Leading members of Kufans agree to bring Imam Husain to Kufa and to fight Yazid and his supporters.
  • Imam Husain dispatches Muslim bin 'Aqil (his cousin) as a messenger to find out more about conditions in Kufa.

Muslim bin 'Aqil arrives in Kufa and within first few days over 10,000 people pledge allegiance for Imam Husain on the hands of Muslim.

People from Basra also support Imam Husain over Yazid.

Imam Husain receives letters of allegiance to fight against Yazid's tyrannical rule from Kufa and Basra. Muslim bin 'Aqil's letter gives an account of overwhelming support from Kufans.

Imam Husain decides to leave for Kufah so he could wage a struggle against Yazid's rule for caliphate.

History of Islam & Karbala

Prophet Muhammad (s)

13 years in Makkah
10 years in Medina (d. 623 AD)

Abu Bakr Siddiq (r) first caliph

Omar ibn alKhattab (r) second caliph (martyred)

Othman ibn alffan (r) third caliph (martyred)

Ali ibn Abi Talib (r) fourth caliph (martyred) 661 AD


Hasan ibn Ali abandons his claim to caliphate to make peace amongst Muslims.

Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan (r) becomes the caliph


On the death of Mu'awiya (r), Yazid inherits caliphate from his father.

Abdullah bin Zubair (r) and Husain bin Ali (r) refused allegiance to Yazid.

680 AD - MARTYRDOM OF HUSAIN IBN ALI (r) AT THE PLAINS OF KARBALA (IRAQ) by Yazid's forces.

details of Karbala next post...

Mulla Nasiruddin at his best...


"When I was in the desert," said Mulla Nasruddin one day, "I caused an entire tribe of horrible and bloodthirsty bedouins to run."

"How did you do it?" asked a person.

"Easy.

I just ran, and they ran after me."


Speaking My Mind - Faraz Khan